Hazrat Kazim A.S

It is the paradise of Musa Al-Kadhim [AS] and Mohammed Al-Jawad [AS

Preface

Many arresting actual sources as able-bodied as Arab and adopted travellers allocution about the characteristics of the architectonics of the angelic altar of Imam Ali ( accord be aloft him ), decidedly during the administration of Baron Saffi, grandson of baron Abbas I , who cared actual abundant for the architectonics and advance of the antiseptic shrine.

During the time of this king, the altar was characterized, in allegory with added architectures, by its grandeur, accurateness of planning and architectural skill, a accomplishment which is still hasty to the engineers of the present time. They are puzzled, clumsy to apperceive the abstruse abaft such a admirable construction, congenital by architects and accomplished builders at that time, that the apex time can alone be bent through the effective architectonics of the angelic altar throughout the year.

What still hasty to them is the a lot of adroit assurance of the sunlight animated over the antiseptic shrine. It is adapted with top accurateness and amazing skill. Similarly, the three surrounding walls are fabricated with the aforementioned accurateness and acumen to denote to phenomena whose affidavit are not accepted yet. There are still added secrets to be abundant out afterwards in accession place.

Now, the aboriginal bank is 17 m top and 77 m continued pointing arise the arctic while it is 72 m continued arise the west. It is congenital of two layers that are according in the amount of the vaults (i.e. angled roofs) and rooms, which are one hundred in number.

This bank is erected annular an about aboveboard acreage alleged the Sahn (the courtyard) and coated with white marble in adjustment to actualize adored beauty. What makes it even added adored are the ornaments fabricated by accomplished labour and artificers in such a way that they would allure the absorption of every accession into the place, and ample him/ her with account and admiration.

The alfresco of the bank is busy with alluringly coloured stones and the edges are engraved with some alleged verses from the Koran accounting in arresting handwriting.

The top attic of the bank is committed to the abode of advisers of Islamism and their teachers. Some apartment are still accepted by the names of those who acclimated to reside in once. One of the rooms, breadth the atonement Ardabeely ( God may absolve his soul) acclimated to reside in, is still locked, and no one anytime capital to absorb it afterwards him.

The balustrade (or Ruwaq , in Arabic) is amidst from all abandon by what is accepted as the Ruhba (i.e. a collapsed breadth accessible to all abandon except to the west, breadth it is covered with a top roof that is accessible to air in the average with a annular gap. At the eastern end of the Ruhba lies the Bahu (i.e. a anteroom for accessible affairs and dining, etc.).

In the gilded vault, the beam and walls are coated with authentic Ibrezian gold. At the bend of the vault, there are two minarets, the ambit of anniversary is 8 m . with a bore of 2.5 m.; the abject of anniversary minaret contains 4000 aureate artery (see Past of Najaf. P: 52). These two minarets are 35 m . high; at the top of anniversary there are admirable inscriptions of some verses from the Friday Sura in the Koran.

On both abandon of the aboideau there, there is inscribed a Persian composition in acclaim of Amir al-Mu'minin accounting by Sayyid 'Arafi (died in 999 A .H.). This can be acutely told from the brand of the one who inscribed the poem, Mohammad jaafar el- Asfahani, breadth he recorded the date mentioned above. However, this has been removed by adjustment of the aloft administration of Saddam Hussein.

On the aforementioned gate, there are four curve of balladry accounting in Arabic, to the appropriate of the gilded accessory of the gate. As anon as you access into the aboideau there will arise two curve of balladry on the larboard and accession two on the right.

When you attending carefully at the top of the vault, you will apprehension the date by which the Threshold (in advertence to the angelic altar as a whole) and the two minarets were gilded, by adjustment of Sultan Nadir Shah.

The alien faces and beam of the balustrade are anesthetized with the finest shapes of bottle absorption the accomplishment and art of the artificer who fabricated them.

This balustrade contains 3 doors; one opens to the arctic adverse to the Toosi's Gate. In band with it there is accession aperture that opens to the south adverse to the Ka'aba (in Mecca ), and a third aperture in the gilded basement (see ibid: 52-3).

The third bank is of the aforementioned acme as the added two walls. It surrounds a aboveboard breadth of 13 m . long, in the average of which there lies the honourable tomb. Hence it is alleged the 'Holy Field'. The alfresco of the bank is busy with all accomplishment and splendour with the finest mosaic, and anesthetized colourfully with admirable ornaments.

The attic is paved with bland marble in accession to its sides, which are covered with the finest marble at an arm's breadth from the ground.

The bank contains 5 doors; two accessible arise the west pointing to the arch of the tomb, but not accessible to the porch. According to Jaafar Mahbouba (Najaf in the Past and Today, P: 53), those two doors had been removed and replaced by an old argent abrade which acclimated to be aloft the angelic tomb. However, he does not acknowledgment why they were removed. Beyond these doors, there is a window fabricated of copper. Arise the east, there are two added argent doors at the anxiety administration of the tomb. The fifth one which is fabricated of chestnut lying abaft the tomb. It is these doors that acclimated to be arch to and out of the angelic field. Nevertheless, this door, the fifth one, was removed in 1366 A .H. and replaced by the added two that had been at the arch administration of the tomb.

In the average of the antiseptic acreage stands the abstract tomb beneath a box fabricated of adored wood, bizarre with ivory and inscriptions from the angelic Koran, and amidst by two grates, one fabricated of adamant and the added fabricated of silver.

Sublime over the bank stands the adored dome, argent with gold. It is 35 m . top with a ambit of 50 m ., its bore is about 16 m . The ambit from the top of the arch to the roofs of the Sahn (the Courtyard) is 42 m . The amount of the artery use in the masonry of the arch is 13000 ones, as was adumbrated by Shaikh Murtadha el- Gailani el-Najafi in 1363 9see ibid:55).

Some appearance of the Altar (or the Threshold , as it is alleged sometimes in advertence to the angelic altar as whole) accept been removed during the administration of the aloft regime. These are the curve of balladry inscribed at the top of the gate, ahead mentioned, and aswell the aureate belt surrounding the dome, etc

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The abhorrence and animosity of the Quraishis appear Imam Ali ceramics abundant because of his attitude in the aboriginal Islamic wars whereby he dead their fighters and VIPs in aegis of Islam. Therefore, they were cat-and-mouse for every adventitious to yield animus and advance him. Moreover, cipher was in agnosticism in what Bani Ummayyad and afterwards Bani El-Abbas ability do in their acrimony to Amir el-Mu'minin and the beginning of his tomb. Hence, he recommended camouflage his tomb lest it should be exhumed and bedridden as he knew that affairs would be in favour of Bani U'mmayyad afterwards on. In this respect, it is declared (Farhat El-Ghary, P:25) that:

This apprenticed that he should be entombed secretly for abhorrence that Bani 'Ummayyad and their assembly and the Khawarijits [the Outsiders] would disclose the tomb so that Banu Hashim (a affiliated area to which Imam Ali belongs) would not acquire that and they ability action for it; something which he himself had banned in his life, so how could he be acquiesce it afterwards his death?

The Sayyid Bin Tawous goes on adage that “in camouflage the grave, there were numerable allowances we do not apperceive in details". Simultaneously, Bin Abbas retells that" the agent of God (PBUH) told Ali that the acreage of Kuffan would be honoured by the latter's tomb …, afresh Ali said in wonder, Oh, Agent of Allah, a tomb in Kuffan? The Astrologer answered, Yes, Ali; you'll be entombed aloft Kuffan amid the Ghariyain and the white walls [or Rocks] (Ibid; 37-8).

Hence, according to Muntakhab El-Tawarikh (i.e. A Selection of Dates) (P: 291), if Bani 'Ummayyad became the rulers of Islam themselves, El-Hajjaj El- Thaqaffi, an Iraqi prince during the ‘Ummayyad reign, ordered to dig 3000 graves aloft Kooffan, i.e. in Najaf, analytic formthe Imam Ali's corpse.

In appearance of the aloft mentioned, no one knew the area of the tomb except his sons and birth (peace be aloft them) and those entrusted a allotment of his supporters and proponents from the Shiites.

The sons and birth of Amir el-Mu'minin (PBUT) committed to the will of their ancestor so that the area of the antiseptic tomb remained alien to everybody except to a assertive amount of the abutting supporters.

After Bani 'Ummayyad administration had collapsed down, and Bani El-Abbas taken over, ambuscade the tomb was no best the case, and the abstruse began to be appear to the a lot of affectionate a allotment of the Shiites who believed in God and his messenger, admired and followed the messenger's breed in their charge to the angelic ballad in the Koran. "Say, I do not ask for fee for the bulletin but affection to the ancestors ".

At that time, the tomb, according to arresting actual sources, was just a albino mound.

It is declared that Dawood Bin Ali El-Abbasi (died in 132 AH.) approved to apperceive the abstruse of the tomb, so, he beatific a mission of some of his accurate servants, a allotment of these there was a atramentous man accepted for his ample concrete strength. They began digging until they accomplished a solid bedrock that chock-full them from accomplishing so. Then, they asked the atramentous assistant to get down the dug aperture to try his luck in digging. As anon as he set a draft to the rock, he heard a abundant sound. He hit the bedrock afresh and afresh until they heard him shouting and calling for advice to get him out. They approved to apperceive what was traveling on, but, the atramentous assistant did not absolute a word. He kept bashful in dismay, and afresh his beef began to scatter. This account accomplished Dawood Bin Ali who captivated his accord and reburied the grave putting a board box over it. Since then, abounding changes and aliment were done to the tomb.

This is advised to be the aboriginal architectonics of the tomb, done by the Abbaside Caliph, Haroon El-Rashid. According to Umdet El- Talib (i.e. The Trusted Source for the Scholar) (P: 42), the acumen that the Absolutist ordered to body up the tomb was that the closing was out, one day, hunting at a area aloft Kufa and there were abundant zebras and deer about the place. Whenever he beatific out his hawks and dogs for hunting, the chased animals took apartment at a albino bank whereby the hawks and dogs would burden from. This happens several times so that the Absolutist became abundantly surprised. He approved to apperceive what was traveling on. So, he alleged for experts and those absorbed in such affairs in Kufa. They told him that beneath the mound, there lies the grave of Amir al- M'minin, Ali Bin Abi Talib.

The absolutist abrupt to arouse the a lot of accomplished masons and artificers and ordered them to body a arresting arch over the abode with four gates. They acclimated red adobe in architectonics it up and put a blooming jar on top of it, while they congenital the altar with white artery (for added advice accredit to Irshad el- Kuloob, i.e. Guidance of Hearts) by El- Daylami; Riyadh el- Siyaha, (i.e. Meadows of Tourism) by Zainul Abidin el- Shirawani; and Nizhat el- Kuloob, (i.e. The Hearts' Picnic) by Ahmedolla el-Mustawfi.

It is account adage that all arresting sources of history are of the assessment that Haroon el-Rashid was the aboriginal who appear the clandestineness of the tomb and congenital it up, acceptance pilgrims to appointment it.

This is done on adjustment of Mohammad Bin Zaid Bin Mohammad Ismail Bin el-Hassan Bin Zaid Bin el-Hassan accepted as the Little Herald. He was baron of Tabrstan for added than seventeen years and afresh dead in 287 AH. He ordered to body a dome, a bank and a acropolis with seventy arches.

It is account advertence that the architectonics of the altar can be advised to be as a abstract abnormality if you apperceive that Imam Jaafar Assadiq (PBUH), a brood of the prophet, told his assembly about it with every detail tens of years afore then.

Throughout afterwards periods, some aliment and additions took abode to the building, as those fabricated by Omar Bin Yahya of Kufa (see el-Noori, Mustadraq el-Wasa'el, P:3/435). Moreover, Ibn Hawqal states in his book entitled, Suret el- Ardh (i.e. Image of the Earth) (P: 43) that there had been about-face of the altar afore that of Adhud el-Dawla. Similarly, Abul Hayjaa' Abdulla Bin Hamdan besieged the abode absolutely and ordered a great, abstract arch to be congenital over the tomb, with doors accessible to all admonition (see Ibn Abul Hadeed, Nahjul Balaagha, 2/ 54-64).

The altar was admired as the admiration of architectonics at that time. It is declared in Irshad el-Kuloob (Part II, P: 148) that Adhud el-Dawla ordered to clean the old building. He active the a lot of accomplished masons and architects. He fabricated a admirable masonry which remained until the year 338 AH. (see Riyadh el- Siyaha, P:309). However, it is mentioned in The History of Tabrstan (P: 224) that it remained until the year 753 AH.

Ibn Battouta, the traveller, adherent a accomplished allotment of his adventure to allocution about Najaf which he visited in 727 AH. He describes the boondocks and its markets and schools, and the backing that the Honourable Sahn contains. Afresh he speaks about the keepers of the altar and what they do to the visitors (pilgrims) advancing from assorted areas. Furthermore, he gives a abounding description of the blind lamps and the Mastaba (i.e. the terrace) and the actual with which it was coated. He aswell mentions its acme and the tombs begin there, adage that "they affirmation that one of these tombs is that of Adam (PBUH), the added is that of Noah (PBUH), and the third is that of Ali Bib Abi Talib (God Be Pleased with Him). In addition, he describes the pans fabricated of gold and argent abounding with rose water, musk and fragrances of assorted types and how the visitors dip their easily in them to rub their faces for blesses.

No one can abjure the favour that Adhud el-Dawla acquired in the architectonics of the Shrine. But, added Buwayhiyin princes and ministers, and aswell the Hamdaniyins forth with some of Bani el- Abbas who were affectionate to the astrologer and his breed had aswell done repairs, restorations, developments and aesthetic touches to the architectonics of the shrine.